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National responsibility for ecological breakdown: a fair-shares assessment of resource use, 1970–2017

Authors:
Jason Hickel, Daniel W O’Neill, Andrew L Fanning, Huzaifa Zoomkawala

Entry type:

Year of publication:
2022

Publishers:
Elsevier BV

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High-income nations are responsible for 74% of global excess material use, driven primarily by the USA (27%) and the EU-28 high-income countries (25%). China is responsible for 15% of global excess material use, and the rest of the Global South (ie, the low-income and middle-income countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) is responsible for only 8%. Overshoot in higher-income nations is driven disproportionately by the use of abiotic materials, whereas in lower-income nations it is driven disproportionately by the use of biomass.

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